Preferred things

The concept of preferred things or preferred indifferents, refers to external things or circumstances that, while not inherently good or necessary for virtue, are generally considered desirable and in accordance with nature. These preferred things are a subset of the broader category of indifferents (ἀδιάφορα, adiaphora), which encompasses all things that do not affect a person's moral virtue or happiness.

Preferred things are those that a rational person would naturally choose if given the option, as they typically align with the natural order and contribute to a well-functioning life. Examples of preferred indifferents include health, wealth, physical beauty, good social status, and friendships. While these things are preferred because they can enhance one’s life and are in harmony with living according to nature, they are still considered morally neutral. This means that possessing or lacking them does not make a person morally better or worse. Preferred indifferents should be necessarily sought after, but when available, they should be accepted without attachment or the belief that they are necessary for a good life. The Stoics maintain that the only true good is virtue, and the only true evil is vice. Therefore, while preferred indifferents can be favoured and even pursued, they should not be viewed as essential to happiness or moral integrity.

If a preferred thing is available, a Stoic may choose it, recognizing its alignment with nature. However, if it is not available, a Stoic remains indifferent, understanding that it does not determine their true happiness or virtue. A person can appreciate and utilize preferred things when possible but remain resilient and undisturbed if these things are lacking, as their primary focus remains on living virtuously, which is within their control.