GABA

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. Unlike excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, which stimulate neuronal activity, GABA reduces this activity, promoting a state of calm and stability. 

Essential for the brain’s proper functioning, GABA plays a key role in regulating neuronal activity and acts primarily as a "brake" in the central nervous system, inhibiting excessive excitatory signals. It particularly tempers the reactions of the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain involved in emotions, motivations, and impulses. 

By calming excessive neuronal activity, GABA helps regulate emotions, reduce anxiety, and maintain a balanced mental state. It prevents neurons from becoming overstimulated, protecting the brain from dysfunctions that could lead to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, insomnia, or chronic anxiety. 

GABA also plays a role in enhancing focus and managing stress. When this neurotransmitter functions optimally, it allows the prefrontal cortex – the seat of rational decision-making – to regain control over impulses and emotional excesses generated by the limbic system. 

However, a GABA deficiency can cause significant disruptions, such as hypersensitivity to stimuli, difficulty relaxing, and an increased risk of anxiety or depressive disorders. Fortunately, certain practices, such as meditation, physical exercise, or a diet rich in magnesium and amino acids, can support the production and effectiveness of GABA, thereby strengthening mental and emotional balance.